MP3 vs. OGG
- Software Patents
- Individual countries where patents apply:
- Japan, China, India, United States
- Group countries with patent offices:
- European Union
- Questions occur when the definition of “non-obviousness” is questioned
- PNG developed to avoid GIF patents
- OGG developed to avoid MP3 patents
- Patent Pledges (agreements to not enforce patents on free/open source projects)
- Royalty-free patents (Apple, Nokia, Novell, Red Hat, etc.)
- 150,000+ software patents
- Patent Trolls (Intellectual Ventures, Acacia Technologies)
- Anti Patent-Troll Troll (Open Innovation Network)
OGG
- Started in 1994 by Chris Montgomery
- Founder of Xiphophorus and Xiph.Org
- Allegedly patent free
- BSD Licensed
Copyright (c) <year>, <copyright holder>
All rights reserved.Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
* Neither the name of the nor the names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS “AS IS” AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
- Container format
- Vorbis is audio codec (.oga or .ogg)
- Theora is video codec (.ogv)
- Multiplexed audio/video (.ogx)
- Speex -> Highly lossy speech compression codec
- FLAC -> Free Lossless Audio Codec (Josh Coalson)
- OggPCM -> Lossless, Pulse Code Modulation (Alec Reeves, 1937) in OGG container
MP3
- MPEG-1 or MPEG-2 Audio Layer 3
- Moving Picture Experts Group
- Finalized in 1993
- Fraunhofer Society, University of Hannover, AT&T-Bell Labs, Thomas Brandt, CCETT
- Thomson Multimedia claims current patents
- Alcatel-Lucent claims ownership of previous AT&T-Bell Labs patents
- MP3 should be patent free sometime between 2012 and 2017
- Lossy
Decoding:
Additionally, patent holders declined to enforce license fees on free and open source decoders, which allows many free MP3 decoders to develop. Thus, while patent fees have been an issue for companies that attempt to use MP3, they have not meaningfully impacted personal use.
Encoding:
- http://www.mp3-tech.org/patents.html
- http://www.mp3licensing.com/
- http://www.mp3licensing.com/royalty/emd.html
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